Sensirion’s SHTxx is a digitally interfaced humidity and temperature sensor. accurate humidity measurements normally require careful analog design, but the SHTxx moves all that complicated stuff into a single chip. Through-hole (SHT7x) and surface mount (SHT1x) versions are available, we used the surface mount SHT11 with +/-3% accuracy. We’ll show you how to use the SHTxx below.
Sensirion SHT1x/SHT7x precision humidity and temperature sensor (Octopart search, starting at $25).
This isn’t a low-cost sensor. Octopart lists a few places to get it. several smaller hobby electronics stores carry it; hobby engineering has it for $29 (#H01509-01C). We found compatible PCB footprints in sht10_11_15.lbr and sht11.lbr on the Cadsoft library download page. Pin connections for the different package types are in the datasheet: SHT1x (PDF), SHT7x (PDF).
The SHTxx has a two-wire serial interface that requires pull-up resistors (R1,2), values between 2K and 10K must work. Sensirion recommends a decoupling capacitor (C1) only if the sensor is powered over a length of wire, but we think it’s always a good idea to include one.
We’ll demonstrate the SHTxx using the Bus Pirate universal serial interface in raw2wire mode with Hi-Z outputs. The SHTxx is powered from the Bus Pirate’s 3.3volt supply. The Bus Pirate’s on-board pull-up resistors hold the bus high, eliminating the need for external resistors R1 and R2.
Interface
The SHTxx communicates over two wires using a basic serial protocol. The protocol isn’t compatible with I2C, but a single SHTxx can exist on a bus with I2C peripherals.
Command
Code
Measure Temperature
00000011
Measure relative Humidity
00000101
Read status Register
00000111
Write status Register
00000110
Soft reset
00011110
Five commands control the SHTxx, these are detailed in the table. The first 3 bits are the address (always 000), the remaining 5 bits are a special command code.
Reset
Start a transaction by clearing any partial commands or data from a previous use. A minimum of nine clock ticks while data is high will clear the SHTxx interface. The Bus Pirate syntax to for this is -^:9; data high (-), 9 clock ticks (^:9).
Commands to the SHT11 begin with a special start condition. like an I2C start condition, this is the only time when the data signal changes with the clock signal high. This illegal condition causes the chip to prepare for a new command. The SHTxx start condition is different than I2C, allowing both types of devices to exist on the same bus.
The Bus Pirate code to generate an SHTxx style start condition is -/_\/-\ ; data starts high (-), clock up (/), data goes low (_), clock low (\), clock high (/), data goes high (-), and a final clock low transition (\) ends the sequence.
A soft reset is a good idea because it puts the chip in a default state. prior to the first temperature or humidity conversion, we send the soft reset command.
RAW2WIRE>-^:9 -/_\/-\ 0b00011110 !<–command 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1 <–clear interface 4xx RAW2WIRE 0x09 CLOCK TICKS 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1 <–start condition 4xx RAW2WIRE CLOCK, 1 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 0 4xx RAW2WIRE CLOCK, 0 4xx RAW2WIRE CLOCK, 1 4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1 4xx RAW2WIRE CLOCK, 0 420 RAW2WIRE WRITE: 0x1E <–soft reset code 4xx RAW2WIRE read BIT: 0 <–acknowledge bit, OK RAW2WIRE>
First, we clear the interface (-^:9), then send the start condition (-/_\/-\). The reset command (0b00011110=0x1E) follows. The SHTxx acknowledges (acks) commands by pulling the data line low for one bit after a command is transmitted. We read one bit (!) to get the acknowledgment status; 0 is success, 1 signals an error.
Temperature
Now we can read the temperature. This happens in two steps, with a delay for the temperature conversion.
RAW2WIRE>-^:9 -/_\/-\ 0b00000011 !
4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1 <–clear interface
4xx RAW2WIRE 0x09 CLOCK TICKS
4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1 <–start condition
…
4xx RAW2WIRE CLOCK, 0
420 RAW2WIRE WRITE: 0x03 <–start temperature conversion
4xx RAW2WIRE read BIT: 0 <–ack bit, OK
RAW2WIRE>
First, we send a start condition and the temperature conversion command (00000011=0x03). The SHTxx replies to a successful command by pulling the data line low for one bit (ack). After the ack bit, the data line goes high until the conversion finishes.
RAW2WIRE>.
4xx RAW2WIRE data INPUT, STATE: 0 <–data low when done
RAW2WIRE>
When the data line goes low, the temperature conversion is finished. ‘.’ is the Bus Pirate command to read the data state without a clock tick. now we can get hold of the result.
RAW2WIRE>r_^ r_^ r_^
430 RAW2WIRE READ: 0x17 <–data byte 1
4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 0 <–data low
4xx RAW2WIRE 0x01 CLOCK TICKS <–send ack bit
430 RAW2WIRE READ: 0xCC <–data byte 2
4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 0
4xx RAW2WIRE 0x01 CLOCK TICKS
430 RAW2WIRE READ: 0x0C <–crc
4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 0
4xx RAW2WIRE 0x01 CLOCK TICKS
RAW2WIRE>
Each byte read (r) requires an I2C style acknowledgment bit with the data low. We do this with the _^ sequence; data low (_), one clock tick (^).
The first two bytes are the temperature reading (0x17cc), followed by a CRC (0x0c). The raw value (0x17cc=6092) is converted to degrees Celsius using the equation and coefficients on page 9 of the datasheet. temperature readings are 14bits by default:
T = -39.7 + 0.01*X
21.22C = -39.7 + (0.01*6092)
Humidity
Humidity conversions are started with code 00000101 (0x05 hex).
RAW2WIRE>-^:9 -/_\/-\ 0b00000101 ! <–command
4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1 <–clear interface
4xx RAW2WIRE 0x09 CLOCK TICKS
4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 1 <–start condition
…
4xx RAW2WIRE CLOCK, 0
420 RAW2WIRE WRITE: 0x05 <–start humidity conversion
4xx RAW2WIRE read BIT: 0<–ack bit, OK
As before, a ninth acknowledgment bit is low if the SHTxx processed the command.
RAW2WIRE>.
4xx RAW2WIRE data INPUT, STATE: 0 <–data low when done
The data line goes high and then returns low when the humidity conversion is done.
RAW2WIRE>r_^ r_^ r_^
430 RAW2WIRE READ: 0x05 <–data byte 1
4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 0 <–data low
4xx RAW2WIRE 0x01 CLOCK TICKS <–ack bit
430 RAW2WIRE READ: 0x80 <–data byte 2
4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 0
4xx RAW2WIRE 0x01 CLOCK TICKS
430 RAW2WIRE READ: 0x46 <–crc
4xx RAW2WIRE data OUTPUT, 0
4xx RAW2WIRE 0x01 CLOCK TICKS
RAW2WIRE>
A complete conversion generates a three byte response. The first two bytes are the raw humidity reading (0x0580=1408), the final byte is a CRC (0x46) that can be used to verify data integrity.
Humidity readings have 12bits of resolution by default, convert to humidity using this equation:
RH = -2.0468 + 0.0367(X) + (-0.0000015955*(X^2))
46.46%RH = -2.0468 + 0.0367(1408) + (-0.0000015955*(1408^2))
Conclusion
This isn’t a low-cost sensor, but it doesn’t require careful analog design like the Honeywell HIH series. have you worked with a humidity sensor?
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